RF PCB Board kamangidwe kake kuti muchepetse ma siginecha abodza amafunikira luso la injiniya wa RF.Kusunga malamulo asanu ndi atatuwa m'maganizo sikungothandiza kufulumira nthawi yopita ku msika, komanso kuonjezera kuwonetseratu kwa nthawi yanu ya ntchito.


Lamulo 1: Manjira apansi ayenera kukhala pamalo osinthira ndege
Mafunde onse omwe amayenda pamzere wodutsa amakhala ndi kubwereranso kofanana.Pali njira zambiri zolumikizirana, koma kubwereranso nthawi zambiri kumayenda kudzera mu ndege zapansi zoyandikana kapena malo omwe amayikidwa molingana ndi mizere yazizindikiro.Pamene gawo lofotokozera likupitilira, kulumikizana konse kumangokhala pamzere wopatsira ndipo chilichonse chimagwira ntchito bwino.Komabe, ngati njira yowonetsera chizindikiro isinthidwa kuchokera pamwamba kupita kumtunda wamkati kapena pansi, kubwereranso kuyeneranso kupeza njira.


Chithunzi 1 ndi chitsanzo.Pomwepo pansi pa mzere wapamwamba wa mzere wamakono ndi kubwereranso.Ikasamutsira pansi wosanjikiza, kubwereza kumadutsa kudzera mwapafupi.Komabe, ngati palibe vias kwa reflow pafupi, reflow amadutsa pafupi malo omwe alipo kudzera.Mitali yayikulu imapanga malupu apano, kupanga ma inductors.Ngati njira yosafunidwayi ikadutsa pamzere wina, kusokoneza kumakhala kokulirapo.Lupu lamakono ili likufanana ndi kupanga tinyanga!

Malamulo asanu ndi atatu Okuthandizani Kuchepetsa RF PCB Circuit Parasitics

Chithunzi 1: Chizindikiro chamakono chimayenda kuchokera kumapini a chipangizo kupita ku magawo otsika.Kubwereranso kuli pansi pa chizindikirocho musanakakamizidwe kupita kufupi kwambiri kuti musinthe ku gawo lina lofotokozera

Kufotokozera pansi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, koma mizere yothamanga kwambiri nthawi zina imatha kuyikidwa pazigawo zamkati.Kuyika ndege zowonetsera pansi pamwamba ndi pansi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ndipo opanga ma semiconductor angakhale otsekereza mapini ndikuyika mizere yamagetsi pafupi ndi mizere yothamanga kwambiri.Ngati cholumikizira chapano chikufunika kusinthidwa pakati pa zigawo kapena maukonde omwe sali ophatikizidwa ndi DC, ma capacitor odulira ayenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi posinthira.



Lamulo 2: Lumikizani pedi ya chipangizocho pamtunda wosanjikiza
Zipangizo zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito padi yotentha pansi pa phukusi la chipangizocho.Pazida za RF, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala malo amagetsi, ndipo malo oyandikana nawo amakhala ndi njira zingapo.Chipangizocho chikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi pini ya pansi ndikugwirizanitsa ndi mkuwa uliwonse wothira pamwamba pa nthaka yosanjikiza.Ngati pali njira zingapo, kutuluka kwa kubwerera kumagawanika molingana ndi njira yolepheretsa.Kulumikizana kwapansi kudzera pa pad kumakhala ndi njira yayifupi komanso yocheperako kuposa malo a pini.


Kulumikizana kwamagetsi kwabwino pakati pa bolodi ndi mapadi a chipangizo ndikofunikira.Pamsonkhano, vias osadzazidwa mu bolodi dera kudzera array angathenso kutulutsa solder phala pa chipangizo, kusiya voids.Kudzaza m'mabowo ndi njira yabwino yosungiramo soldering.Mukawunika, tsegulaninso chigoba cha solder kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe chigoba cha solder pa bolodi pansi pa chipangizocho, chifukwa chigoba cha solder chikhoza kukweza chipangizocho kapena kuchipangitsa kuti chigwedezeke.

Lamulo 3: Palibe Gap Layer Layer

Pali ma vias pozungulira chipangizocho.Maukonde amagetsi amathyoledwa kuti adulidwe m'deralo ndiyeno pansi pa ndege yamagetsi, nthawi zambiri amapereka ma vias angapo kuti achepetse inductance ndi kupititsa patsogolo kunyamula kwamakono, pamene mabasi oyendetsa akhoza kutsika mpaka mkati mwa ndege.Kuwola konseku kumatsirizika ndikumangika kwathunthu pafupi ndi chipangizocho.


Iliyonse mwa vias izi amalenga wodzipatula pa ndege pansi pansi kuti ndi lalikulu kuposa awiri a kudzera palokha, kupereka kupanga chilolezo.Magawo opatula awa angayambitse kusokoneza mosavuta panjira yobwerera.Komanso kusokoneza zinthu ndi chakuti ena vias ali pafupi wina ndi mzake ndi kupanga ngalande pansi ndege zosaoneka kwa pamwamba mlingo CAD view.Chithunzi 2. Ground ndege voids awiri mphamvu ndege vias akhoza kulenga akupiringana kusunga kunja madera ndi kulenga zosokoneza pa kubwerera njira.Kubwereranso kungathe kupatutsidwa kuti idutse malo oletsedwa a ndege yapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la njira zopangira utsi.

Malamulo asanu ndi atatu Okuthandizani Kuchepetsa RF PCB Circuit Parasitics

Chithunzi 2: Malo osungiramo ndege zapansi mozungulira ma vias angaphatikizepo, kukakamiza kubwereranso kuchoka ku njira yowonetsera.Ngakhale palibe kuphatikizika, malo osapita amapangitsa kuti kuluma kwa makoswe kulekerere mu ndege yapansi.

Ngakhale "ochezeka" pansi vias kubweretsa kugwirizana ziyangoyango zitsulo kuti miyeso osachepera chofunika ndi kusindikizidwa dera bolodi kupanga ndondomeko.Kudutsa pafupi kwambiri ndi zizindikiro kumatha kukokoloka ngati kuti nthaka yamtunda yalumidwa ndi khoswe.Chithunzi 2 ndi chithunzi cha kulumidwa ndi makoswe.


Popeza zone kuchotsedwa basi kwaiye ndi mapulogalamu CAD, ndi vias mobwerezabwereza ntchito pa bolodi dongosolo, padzakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse kusokoneza njira kubwerera pa ndondomeko oyambirira masanjidwe.Tsatirani mzere uliwonse wothamanga kwambiri powunika masanjidwewo ndikuwonanso zigawo zolumikizidwa kuti mupewe kusokonezedwa.Ndibwino kuika vias onse amene angathe kulenga pansi ndege kusokonezedwa m'dera lililonse pafupi ndi pamwamba mlingo pansi opanda kanthu.

Lamulo 4: Sungani Mizere Yosiyana Mosiyana
Njira yobwerera ndi yofunika kwambiri pakuchita mzere wa chizindikiro ndipo iyenera kuonedwa ngati gawo la njira yowonetsera.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, awiriawiri osiyana nthawi zambiri samalumikizana mwamphamvu, ndipo kubwereranso kumatha kudutsa m'magulu oyandikana nawo.Zobwerera zonse ziwiri ziyenera kuyendetsedwa munjira zofanana zamagetsi.


Kuyandikira ndi kugawana zolepheretsa kupanga zimasunga kubwereranso pamtunda womwewo ngakhale mizere iwiri yamagulu awiri osiyanitsa siyikulumikizana mwamphamvu.Kuti zizindikiro zabodza zikhale zochepa, kufananitsa bwino kumafunika.Zomangamanga zilizonse monga ma cutouts a ndege zapansi pansi pazigawo zosiyana ziyenera kukhala zofanana.Momwemonso, kutalika kofananira kumatha kubweretsa zovuta ndi ma squiggles mumayendedwe azizindikiro.Kubwereza sikumayambitsa mavuto a wavy.Kutalika kwa mzere wosiyana kuyenera kuwonetsedwa mumizere ina.

Lamulo 5: Palibe wotchi kapena mizere yowongolera pafupi ndi mizere ya siginecha ya RF
Mawotchi ndi mizere yowongolera nthawi zina amatha kuwonedwa ngati oyandikana nawo osafunikira chifukwa amagwira ntchito mwachangu, ngakhale pafupi ndi DC.Komabe, mawonekedwe ake osinthira amakhala pafupifupi masikweya mafunde, kutulutsa ma toni apadera pamafuridwe odabwitsa a harmonic.Kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa square wave kutulutsa mphamvu zilibe kanthu, koma mbali zake zakuthwa zimatha.Mu kapangidwe ka digito, ma frequency amakona amatha kuyerekeza ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa.Njira yowerengera ndi: Fknee=0.5/Tr, pomwe Tr ndi nthawi yokwera.Dziwani kuti ndi nthawi yokwera, osati ma frequency azizindikiro.Komabe, mafunde akuthwa konsekonse amakhalanso ndi ma harmonics amphamvu apamwamba kwambiri omwe amatha kungotsika molakwika ndikulowa pamzere wa RF, kuphwanya malamulo okhwima a chigoba chotumizira.


Mawotchi ndi mawotchi owongolera azisiyanitsidwa ndi mizere yolumikizira ya RF ndi ndege yamkati kapena kutsanulira pansi.Ngati kupatukana kwa nthaka sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito, zolozerazo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti ziwoloke molunjika.Chifukwa mizere ya maginito yotuluka ndi wotchi kapena mizere yowongolera ipanga mizere yozungulira mozungulira mizere yosokoneza, sipanga mafunde mu mizere yolandirira.Kuchedwetsa nthawi yowuka sikungochepetsa mafupipafupi a ngodya komanso kumathandiza kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa osokoneza, koma mawotchi kapena mizere yolamulira imathanso kukhala ngati mizere yolandila.Mzere wolandila umagwirabe ntchito ngati njira yolumikizira ma siginecha abodza mu chipangizocho.

Lamulo 6: Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka kuti mulekanitse mizere yothamanga kwambiri
Ma Microstrips ndi mizere yamizere nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi ndege zapansi zoyandikana.Mizere ina yotuluka imatulukabe mopingasa ndipo imathetsa mizere yoyandikana nayo.Kamvekedwe pamzere umodzi wothamanga kwambiri kapena awiri osiyanitsa amathera pamzere wotsatira, koma kutulutsa kwapansi pa chizindikirocho kumapangitsa kuti pakhale malo otsika otsekera pamzere wothamanga, kumasula zotsatizana zoyandikana ndi mamvekedwe.

Magulu a zotsatizana zotsatiridwa ndi kagawidwe ka wotchi kapena chipangizo chophatikizira kuti anyamule ma frequency omwewo amatha kuyenda moyandikana chifukwa kamvekedwe kake kamakhalapo kale pamzere wolandila.Komabe, mizere yogawidwa m'magulu idzafalikira.Pobalalitsa, kusefukira kwa nthaka kuyenera kuperekedwa pakati pa mizere yobalalitsira ndi kudzera pomwe imayamba kubalalika kuti kubwereranso kumabwereranso m'njira yobwereranso mwadzina.Pachithunzi 3, ma vias kumapeto kwa zisumbu zapansi amalola kuti madzi alowerere pa ndege yolozera.The katayanitsidwe pakati vias ena pansi perfusion sayenera upambana limodzi lakhumi wavelength kuonetsetsa kuti pansi sakhala resonant dongosolo.

Malamulo asanu ndi atatu Okuthandizani Kuchepetsa RF PCB Circuit Parasitics

Chithunzi 3: Malo apamwamba kwambiri omwe amasiyanitsidwa amabalalika amapereka njira zobwereranso.

Lamulo 7: Osayendetsa mizere ya RF pa ndege zamphamvu zaphokoso
Liwulo limalowa mu ndege yamagetsi ndipo limafalikira paliponse.Ngati ma toni olakwika alowa m'magetsi, ma buffer, zosakaniza, zowongolera, ndi ma oscillator, amatha kusintha ma frequency osokoneza.Momwemonso, mphamvu ikafika pa bolodi, sinatheretu zonse kuti iyendetse RF yozungulira.Kuwonekera kwa mizere ya RF kundege zamagetsi, makamaka ndege zamagetsi zosasefedwa, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.


Ndege zazikulu zamphamvu zoyandikana ndi pansi zimapanga ma capacitor apamwamba kwambiri omwe amalepheretsa ma siginecha a parasitic ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina olankhulirana pakompyuta ndi machitidwe ena a RF.Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndege zocheperako, nthawi zina zokhala ngati mafuta kuposa zigawo, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti mizere ya RF ipewe ndege zamagetsi kwathunthu.Njira zonsezi ndi zotheka, koma mawonekedwe oipitsitsa a awiriwa sayenera kuphatikizidwa, ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito ndege yaying'ono yamagetsi ndikuyendetsa mizere ya RF pamwamba.

Lamulo 8: Pitirizani kugwirizanitsa pafupi ndi chipangizocho
Kudulira sikungothandiza kuti phokoso lachindunji lisatuluke pa chipangizocho, kumathandizanso kuchotsa ma toni opangidwa mkati mwa chipangizocho kuti asagwirizane ndi ndege zamagetsi.Kuyandikira kwa ma decoupling capacitors ndi ma circuitry omwe amagwira ntchito, kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino.Kudulira komweko sikumasokonezedwa pang'ono ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma parasitic board traces, ndipo mipata yayifupi imathandizira tinyanga tating'ono, kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa tonal kosafunikira.Kuyika kwa capacitor kumaphatikizapo maulendo apamwamba kwambiri odzipangira okha, kawirikawiri mtengo wochepa kwambiri, kukula kwake kochepa kwambiri, pafupi kwambiri ndi chipangizocho, ndi chachikulu cha capacitor, kutali kwambiri ndi chipangizocho.Pa ma frequency a RF, ma capacitor omwe ali kumbuyo kwa bolodi amapanga ma parasitic inductances a njira yopita pansi, kutaya phindu lalikulu loletsa phokoso.

Fotokozerani mwachidule
Powunika mawonekedwe a bolodi, titha kupeza zida zomwe zimatha kutumiza kapena kulandira ma toni abodza a RF.Tsatirani mzere uliwonse, zindikirani njira yake yobwerera, onetsetsani kuti ukhoza kuyenda mofanana ndi mzerewo, ndipo makamaka yang'anani mozama kusintha kwake.Komanso, patulani magwero omwe angakhale osokoneza kuchokera kwa wolandira.Kutsatira malamulo osavuta komanso ozindikira kuti muchepetse ma siginecha abodza kumatha kufulumizitsa kutulutsa kwazinthu ndikuchepetsa mtengo wowongolera.