Mfundo yaikulu ya galimoto opanda zingwe nawuza PCB ndi copper clad laminate, ndi copper clad laminate (copper clad laminate) amapangidwa ndi gawo lapansi, zojambulazo zamkuwa ndi zomatira.Gawo lapansi ndi insulating laminate wopangidwa ndi polima kupanga utomoni ndi kulimbikitsa zipangizo;pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndi yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza woyera mkuwa zojambulazo ndi madutsidwe mkulu ndi weldability wabwino, ndi makulidwe wamba ndi 18μm ~ 35μm ~ 50μm;Chovala chamkuwa chimakutidwa ndi gawo lapansi Chovala chamkuwa cha laminate kumbali imodzi chimatchedwa laminate yokhala ndi mkuwa, ndi mbali zonse ziwiri za gawo lapansi zomwe zimakutidwa ndi zojambulazo zamkuwa zimatchedwa laminate yamitundu iwiri yamkuwa.Kaya zojambulazo zamkuwa zimatha kuphimbidwa mwamphamvu pa gawo lapansi zimatsirizidwa ndi zomatira.Ambiri ntchito mkuwa atavala laminates ndi makulidwe atatu: 1.0mm, 1.5mm ndi 2.0mm.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya laminates zamkuwa 1. Malinga ndi makina okhwima a laminate yamkuwa, imatha kugawidwa kukhala: laminate yolimba yamkuwa (yolimba yamkuwa) ndi laminate yosinthika yamkuwa (Flexible Copper Clad Laminate). 2. Malingana ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zotetezera ndi zomangamanga, zikhoza kugawidwa kukhala: organic resin CCL, CCL yochokera kuzitsulo, ndi CCL ya ceramic. 3. Malinga ndi makulidwe a laminate yamkuwa, imatha kugawidwa kukhala: mbale yakuda [kukhuthala kwa 0.8 ~ 3.2mm (kuphatikiza Cu)], mbale yopyapyala [makulidwe osiyanasiyana osakwana 0.78mm (kupatula Cu)]. 4. Malinga ndi kulimbikitsa zinthu zamkuwa zokutira laminate, zimagawidwa kukhala: galasi nsalu m'munsi mkuwa atavala laminate, pepala mkuwa atavala laminate, gulu mkuwa atavala laminate (CME-1, CME-2). 5. Malinga ndi kalasi ya retardant yamoto, imagawidwa kukhala: bolodi loyang'ana moto ndi bolodi lopanda moto. 6. Malinga ndi miyezo ya UL (UL94, UL746E, etc.), magalasi oletsa moto a CCL amagawidwa, ndipo CCL yolimba ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi osiyana siyana amoto: UL-94V0, UL-94V1, UL-94V2 Kalasi ndi Gawo la UL-94HB
Mitundu wamba ndi makhalidwe a lamkuwa atavala laminates 1. Copper-clad phenolic paper laminate ndi chopangidwa ndi laminated chopangidwa ndi insulating impregnated paper (TFz-62) kapena thonje fiber impregnated pepala (1TZ-63) lopangidwa ndi phenolic utomoni ndi otentha mbamuikha.A limodzi pepala sanali alkali galasi impregnated nsalu, mbali imodzi yokutidwa ndi mkuwa zojambulazo.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati matabwa ozungulira pazida za wailesi. 2. Copper-clad phenolic glasscloth laminate ndi chopangidwa ndi laminated chopangidwa ndi nsalu yagalasi yopanda alkali yomwe imayikidwa ndi epoxy phenolic resin ndi yotentha.Mmodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri zimakutidwa ndi zojambulazo zamkuwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi kulemera kochepa, magetsi ndi makina.Zabwino, zosavuta kukonza ndi zabwino zina.Pamwamba pa bolodi ndi chikasu chowala.Ngati melamine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochiritsa, pamwamba pa bolodi pamakhala wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso wowonekera bwino.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati bolodi lozungulira pazida zamawayilesi zokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kogwira ntchito komanso pafupipafupi. 3. Copper-clad PTFE laminate ndi lamkuwa-clad laminate yopangidwa ndi PTFE monga gawo lapansi, yokutidwa ndi zojambulazo zamkuwa ndi zotentha zotentha.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa PCB pamaulendo apamwamba komanso mizere yopitilira muyeso. 4. Copper-clad epoxy glasscloth laminate ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa ozungulira azitsulo. 5. Filimu yofewa ya polyester yokhala ndi mkuwa ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi filimu ya polyester ndi mkuwa wotentha.Amakulungidwa mu mawonekedwe ozungulira ndikuyikidwa mkati mwa chipangizocho panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.Pofuna kulimbitsa kapena kuteteza chinyezi, nthawi zambiri zimatsanuliridwa ndi epoxy resin.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pama matabwa ozungulira osinthika ndi zingwe zosindikizidwa, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chingwe chosinthira zolumikizira. Pakadali pano, ma laminates ovala zamkuwa omwe amaperekedwa pamsika amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu zoyambira: gawo lapansi la pepala, gawo lapansi lansalu yamagalasi, gawo lapansi la nsalu zopangidwa ndi fiber, gawo lapansi lopanda nsalu, ndi gawo lapansi lophatikiza.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga laminates zamkuwa FR-1——phenolic thonje paper, zinthu m’munsizi zimatchedwa bakelite (zachuma kwambiri kuposa FR-2) FR-2——phenolic thonje pepala FR-3——cotton paper (Cotton paper), epoxy resin FR- 4— -Glass nsalu (Woven glass), epoxy resin FR-5--glasscloth, epoxy resin FR-6--frosted glass, polyester G-10--glasscloth, epoxy resin CEM-1---pepala la minofu, epoxy resin (flame retardant) CEM-2——mapepala anyama, epoxy resin (yosawotcha moto) CEM-3—nsalu yagalasi, epoxy resin CEM-4——nsalu yagalasi, epoxy resin CEM -5——nsalu yagalasi, polyester AIN ——aluminium hydride SIC——silicon carbide 
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