Kodi board board ya fakitale ya PCB imapangidwa bwanji?Kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kamatha kuwoneka pamwamba ndi zojambula zamkuwa.Poyambirira, chojambula chamkuwa chinali chophimbidwa pa PCB yonse, koma gawo lina lidakhazikika panthawi yopanga, ndipo gawo lotsalalo lidakhala gawo laling'ono ngati mauna..

 

Mizere iyi imatchedwa mawaya kapena ma trace ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka kulumikizana kwamagetsi kuzinthu za PCB.Kawirikawiri mtundu wa Chithunzi cha PCB ndi wobiriwira kapena bulauni, umene ndi mtundu wa solder chigoba.Ndi insulating chitetezo wosanjikiza amene amateteza waya wamkuwa komanso kuteteza mbali kuti soldered malo olakwika.



Multilayer Circuit board tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mavabodi ndi makadi ojambula, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri malo omwe amatha kulumikizidwa ndi mawaya.Ma board a Multilayer amagwiritsa ntchito zambiri matabwa a wiring imodzi kapena mbali ziwiri , ndipo ikani chotchinga pakati pa thabwa lililonse ndikuzipanikiza pamodzi.Kuchuluka kwa zigawo za bolodi la PCB kumatanthauza kuti pali zigawo zingapo zodziyimira pawokha, nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa zigawo kumakhala kofanana, ndipo kumaphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri zakunja.Common PCB matabwa zambiri 4 mpaka 8 zigawo za dongosolo.Chiwerengero cha zigawo za matabwa ambiri PCB Tingaone mwa kuona gawo la bolodi PCB.Koma zoona zake n’zakuti palibe amene ali ndi diso labwino ngati limeneli.Kotero, nayi njira ina yophunzitsira inu.

 

Kulumikizana kozungulira kwa matabwa amitundu yambiri kumadutsa m'manda kudzera mwakhungu kudzera muukadaulo.Mavabodi ambiri ndi makadi owonetsera amagwiritsa ntchito matabwa a 4-wosanjikiza PCB, ndipo ena amagwiritsa ntchito 6-, 8-wosanjikiza, kapena 10-wosanjikiza PCB matabwa.Ngati mukufuna kuwona kuchuluka kwa zigawo zomwe zili mu PCB, mutha kuzizindikira poyang'ana mabowo owongolera, chifukwa matabwa a 4-wosanjikiza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa bolodi lalikulu ndi khadi yowonetsera ndi magawo oyamba ndi anayi a waya, ndipo zigawo zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina (waya wapansi).ndi mphamvu).

 

Choncho, ngati awiri wosanjikiza bolodi, dzenje kalozera adzadutsa PCB bolodi.Ngati ena vias kuonekera kutsogolo mbali ya PCB koma sangapezeke kumbali n'zosiyana, ndiye ziyenera kukhala 6/8-wosanjikiza bolodi.Ngati mabowo omwewo angapezeke kumbali zonse za bolodi la PCB, mwachibadwa ndi bolodi la 4-wosanjikiza.



Njira yopangira PCB imayamba ndi "gawo" la PCB lopangidwa ndi Glass Epoxy kapena zofanana.Gawo loyamba la kupanga ndikujambula mawaya pakati pa zigawozo.Njirayo ndi "kusindikiza" chigawo cholakwika cha bolodi yozungulira ya PCB yomwe idapangidwa pa kondakitala wachitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito Subtractive kutengerapo.



Chinyengo ndicho kufalitsa chojambula chopyapyala chamkuwa pamtunda wonse ndikuchotsa chowonjezeracho.Ngati kupanga kuli ndi mbali ziwiri, ndiye kuti mbali zonse ziwiri za gawo lapansi la PCB zidzakutidwa ndi zojambulazo zamkuwa.Kuti apange bolodi lamitundu yambiri, matabwa awiri apakati akhoza "kupanikizidwa" pamodzi ndi zomatira zapadera.

 

Kenako, pobowola ndi electroplating chofunika kulumikiza zigawo zikuluzikulu zikhoza kuchitidwa pa bolodi PCB.Pambuyo pobowola ndi zida zamakina molingana ndi zofunikira pakubowola, mkati mwa khoma la dzenje liyenera kupakidwa (Plated-Through-Hole technology, PTH).Pambuyo pa chithandizo chachitsulo mkati mwa khoma la dzenje, zigawo zamkati za mabwalo zimatha kulumikizidwa wina ndi mzake.

 

Musanayambe electroplating, zinyalala mu dzenje ayenera kutsukidwa.Izi ndichifukwa choti utomoni wa resin epoxy udzasintha kusintha kwamankhwala ukatenthedwa, ndipo umaphimba zigawo zamkati za PCB, kotero ziyenera kuchotsedwa kaye.Zochita zonse zoyeretsera ndi zokutira zimachitika pamakina.Kenako, m'pofunika kuvala solder kukana utoto (solder kukana inki) pa mawaya akunja kuti mawaya si kukhudza yokutidwa mbali.

 

Kenako, zigawo zosiyanasiyana zimasindikizidwa pa bolodi la dera kuti zisonyeze malo a gawo lililonse.Sichingathe kuphimba mawaya kapena zala zagolide, mwinamwake zingachepetse kusungunuka kapena kukhazikika kwa mgwirizano wamakono.Kuphatikiza apo, ngati pali zolumikizira zachitsulo, "zala zagolide" nthawi zambiri zimakutidwa ndi golidi panthawiyi kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizana kwamagetsi kwapamwamba kwambiri pakalowetsedwa mugawo lokulitsa.

 

Pomaliza, pali mayeso.Yesani PCB ya akabudula kapena mabwalo otseguka, kaya ndi maso kapena pakompyuta.Njira zowonera zimagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kuti zipeze zolakwika pagawo lililonse, ndipo kuyesa kwamagetsi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito Flying-Probe kuwona zolumikizira zonse.Kuyesa kwamagetsi ndikolondola kwambiri pakupeza zazifupi kapena zotseguka, koma kuyesa kwa kuwala kumatha kuzindikira mosavuta zovuta ndi mipata yolakwika pakati pa okonda.



Gawo lachigawo likamalizidwa, bolodi yomalizidwa imakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana pagawo la PCB malinga ndi zosowa - choyamba gwiritsani ntchito makina oyika a SMT "kugulitsa chip IC ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu", kenako pamanja. kulumikizana.Pulagini ntchito ina yomwe singathe kuchitidwa ndi makina, ndipo konzani molimba zida za pulagi pa PCB kudzera munjira yowotchera mafunde / reflow, kuti bolodi la amayi limapangidwa.