Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha na lantarki, fasahar PCB kuma ta sami manyan canje-canje, kuma tsarin masana'antu kuma yana buƙatar ci gaba.A lokaci guda kuma kowane masana'antu akan tsarin tsarin PCB a hankali ya inganta, kamar wayoyin hannu da kwamfutoci a cikin allon da'ira, amfani da zinare, amma kuma amfani da tagulla, wanda ke haifar da fa'ida da rashin amfani da hukumar a hankali a hankali. ya zama mai sauƙin rarrabewa.

Mun kai ka ka fahimci surface aiwatar da PCB hukumar, kwatanta abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na daban-daban PCB hukumar surface gama da m al'amura.

Zalla daga waje, gefen waje na allon kewayawa yana da manyan launuka uku: zinariya, azurfa, ja mai haske.Dangane da rarrabuwar farashin: zinari shine mafi tsada, azurfa shine na gaba, ja mai haske shine mafi arha, daga launi yana da sauƙin sanin ko masana'antun kayan aikin sun yanke sasanninta.Duk da haka, da'ira na cikin gida na da'ira galibi jan ƙarfe ne, wato, allo na tagulla.

A, Bare tagulla
Abũbuwan amfãni: low cost, lebur surface, mai kyau solderability (a yanayin da ba a oxidized).

Rashin hasara: mai sauƙi don shafan acid da zafi, ba za a iya adana shi na dogon lokaci ba, kuma yana buƙatar yin amfani da shi a cikin sa'o'i 2 bayan cirewa, saboda jan karfe yana da sauƙi oxidized lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa iska;ba za a iya amfani da shi don mai gefe biyu ba, saboda gefen na biyu ya kasance oxidized bayan sake dawowa na farko.Idan akwai wurin gwaji, dole ne a ƙara liƙa mai bugu don hana iskar oxygenation, in ba haka ba mai zuwa ba zai iya tuntuɓar binciken da kyau ba.

Tagulla mai tsafta na iya samun iskar oxygen cikin sauƙi idan an fallasa shi zuwa iska, kuma Layer na waje dole ne ya kasance yana da kariyar da ke sama.Wasu kuma suna tunanin cewa launin ruwan zinare na jan ƙarfe ne, wannan ba shine ra'ayin da ya dace ba, domin ita ce tagulla a sama da Layer na kariya.Don haka yana buƙatar zama babban yanki na platin zinari a kan allo, wato, a baya na kawo muku don fahimtar tsarin gwal na nutsewa.

B, Al'adar zinari

Yin amfani da zinariya a matsayin plating Layer, daya shine don sauƙaƙe walda, na biyu shine don hana lalata.Ko da bayan shekaru da yawa na ƙwaƙwalwar sandunan yatsu na zinariya, har yanzu suna haskakawa kamar da, idan ainihin amfani da jan karfe, aluminum, baƙin ƙarfe, yanzu ya yi tsatsa a cikin tari.

Ana amfani da Layer plating na zinari sosai a cikin mashinan allon allo, yatsun gwal, shrapnel mai haɗawa da sauran wurare.Idan ka ga cewa allon kewayawa shine ainihin azurfa, ba tare da faɗi ba, kira layin haƙƙin mabukaci kai tsaye, dole ne ya zama ƙwaƙƙwaran masana'anta, ba su yi amfani da kayan da kyau ba, ta amfani da wasu karafa don yaudarar abokan ciniki.Muna amfani da allon da'irar wayar salula da aka fi amfani da ita galibi allon da aka yi da zinari, allon gwal da aka rutsa da su, da uwayen kwamfuta, sauti da kuma kananan allunan da'ira na dijital gaba daya ba allon zinari ba ne.

Amfani da rashin amfani na tsarin zinari da aka nutse a zahiri ba shi da wahala a zana.

Abũbuwan amfãni: ba sauki ga hadawan abu da iskar shaka, za a iya adana na dogon lokaci, da surface ne lebur, dace da waldi lafiya rata fil da aka gyara tare da kananan solder gidajen abinci.An fi so don allon PCB tare da maɓalli (kamar allon wayar hannu).Za a iya maimaita sau da yawa akan reflow soldering ba zai yiwu ya rage solderability.Ana iya amfani da shi azaman maƙalli don alamar COB (Chip On Board).

Hasara: Mafi girma farashi, ƙarancin solder ƙarfi, mai sauƙin samun matsalar farantin baki saboda amfani da tsarin nickel mara amfani.Layer na nickel zai oxidize na tsawon lokaci, kuma dogara na dogon lokaci matsala ce.

Yanzu mun san cewa zinariya zinariya ne, azurfa azurfa?Tabbas ba haka bane, tin ne.

C, HAL/ HAL LF
Allo mai launin Azurfa ana kiran allo feshi.Fesa Layer na tin a cikin layin tagulla na waje yana iya taimakawa wajen siyarwa.Amma ba zai iya samar da dorewar lamba amincin lamba kamar zinariya.Don abubuwan da aka siyar da su ba su da tasiri kaɗan, amma don ɗaukar dogon lokaci zuwa ga faɗuwar iska, aminci bai isa ba, irin su ginshiƙan ƙasa, bullet fil sockets, da sauransu. mara kyau lamba.Ainihin amfani dashi azaman ƙaramin allo na samfur na dijital, ba tare da togiya ba, shine allon fesa tin, dalilin yana da arha.

An taƙaita amfaninta da rashin amfanin sa kamar haka

Abvantbuwan amfãni: ƙananan farashin, kyakkyawan aikin siyarwa.

Hasara: bai dace da soldering lafiya rata fil da kuma kananan aka gyara, saboda surface flatness na fesa tin jirgin ba shi da kyau.A cikin sarrafa PCB yana da sauƙi don samar da beads na gwangwani (solder bead), kayan aikin fitilun farar kyau (kyakkyawan farar) suna da sauƙin haifar da ɗan gajeren kewayawa.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin SMT mai gefe biyu, saboda gefen na biyu ya kasance mai zafi mai zafi, yana da sauƙi a sake narkar da tin mai fesa kuma a samar da ƙwanƙwasa gwangwani ko makamancin ɗigon ruwa ta hanyar nauyi a cikin digo na ɗigon tin, wanda ya haifar da more m surface da haka rinjayar da soldering matsalar.

A baya can aka ambata mafi arha haske ja kewaye hukumar, wato, mine fitila thermoelectric rabuwa jan karfe substrate.

4, OSP tsarin tsarin

Fim ɗin juyewar halitta.Domin kwayoyin halitta ne, ba karfe ba, don haka yana da arha fiye da tsarin fesa tin.

Amfaninsa da rashin amfaninsa su ne

Abũbuwan amfãni: yana da dukan abũbuwan amfãni daga danda tagulla jirgin soldering, ƙarewa allon kuma za a iya sake gyara da zarar saman jiyya.

Lalacewar: Acid da zafi yana shafa cikin sauƙi.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sake dawowa na biyu, yana buƙatar yin shi a cikin wani ƙayyadadden lokaci, kuma yawanci sakewa na biyu ba zai yi tasiri ba.Idan lokacin ajiyar ya wuce watanni uku, dole ne a sake farfado da shi.OSP Layer ne mai rufewa, don haka dole ne a buga wurin gwajin tare da manna don cire asalin OSP ɗin don tuntuɓar wurin allura don gwajin lantarki.

Dalilin wannan fim din na halitta shine don tabbatar da cewa ba a yi amfani da foil na jan karfe na ciki ba kafin sayarwa.Da zarar zafi a lokacin soldering, wannan fim evaporates tafi.Solder zai iya siyar da wayar tagulla da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa tare.

Amma yana da matukar juriya ga lalata, allon OSP, wanda aka fallasa shi cikin iska har tsawon kwanaki goma ko makamancin haka, ba za ku iya ba da kayan aikin solder ba.

Kwamfuta motherboards suna da yawa OSP tsari.Domin yankin allon yana da girma da yawa don amfani da platin zinariya.